9.1 Crash Course of Language

9.1 Crash Course of Language

9.1 Crash Course of Language

Number of replies: 106


 

Watch this to Get Overview of Language

or Revise the Things Covered in Midterm


Dear Learners, I understand that it has been months since you are out of touch and may have forgotten some of the concepts, so this week, we are going to have a crash lesson on Language.


In this lesson you will get quick view of Phonemes, Morphemes and Grammar
Receptive and Productive Language
Babbling, One-Word and Two-Word phases of development.
How we acquire language, language brain areas, how thinking and language are connected.


If you are unable to watch the video, please follow this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9shPouRWCs
 Share at least 2 or 3 examples of phoneme, morpheme and grammar, in English language.

Come back to this post after 2 or 3 days and reply to at least 2 or 3 of your peers. Ask them short questions (maybe to clarify something to you) or give feedback. Be as brief as you can be.


 Grade: Competent or Not yet competent. 

NOTE: This is graded activity based on competencies and you are expected to come back to this post (any time of the week) and respond to at least 2 or 3 of the responses of other learners. Your attendance is based on whether you are leaving a comment here or not and your score is based on answering the questions.


If any confusion, you can ask me here or email: palwasha.eng@um.uob.edu.pk


In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Razarabbani s/d/o Fazel Mohammad -
Phonemes:: they are the smallest unit of sound.
Like (mass) phonemes is (aa) tomato phonemes is (may)
In reply to Razarabbani s/d/o Fazel Mohammad

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Shahzaib Umar s/o Muhammad Umar -
YIKES! umpteen thanks! what a mind boggling complexity is presented by this guy about connecting our thinking with our language! IMPRESSIVE!

So far a PHONEME is concerned>is undoubtedly the smallest unit of sound. which, some, as were suggested during the class, unforgettable are as follows;
1)Mass /ma:s/ consists of three phonemes
2)Fall /fa:l/ consists of three phonemes
and many more

Learning morphemes is awesome because more interestingly we can create more words from the base rather the root word carrying a specific meaning individually just like 'STAND'. It really is an amazing act to put a prefix with stand and getting a different meaning out like 'UNDERSTAND' or adding a suffix like 'STANDSTILL' which wholly carries a different meaning.
when I personally think of morphemes , I remember the TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH FORMATION PERIOD of a child at the age of one and a half.

And of course, GRAMMAR is meant by the rules of how the forms of words are changed and combined into sentences.
In reply to Shahzaib Umar s/o Muhammad Umar

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

Shahzaib umar
Question behalf of waqas Ahmed

I did not understand 
That how words become grammar 
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Razarabbani s/d/o Fazel Mohammad -
Phonemes:: they are the smallest unit of sound.
Like (mass) phonemes is (aa) tomato phonemes is (may)
In reply to Razarabbani s/d/o Fazel Mohammad

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -

Izatullah 

He is saying that in mass there are three phonemes and one of them is (a) which is in the middle and he is not saying that the whole word (mass) is one phoneme because the word mass is a morpheme.

And in the word tomato is also the same explanation like in the word (mass).


In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hikmat ullah s/d/o Sher Mohammad -
Example of phonemes.
1 , Such /c/ is having its unique sound like e.g car
2: such as /a/ is having its unique sound like e.g apple
Example of morphemes
1: unbreakable where 'un' is bound morphemes used to join with other morphemes.
2 : unbreakable where ' break ' is known as free morphemes used to join with other morphemes.
Example of grammar
1 : noun.
Name of person , things or place .e.g Aslam , Karachi etc
2 : pronoun .
Used instead of noun such as
E.g he , she they
In reply to Hikmat ullah s/d/o Sher Mohammad

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
HIKMATTULLAH
If you have said in the example of phoneme (like in the word CAR C has its unique sound instead of like e.g car because it seems that the whole word (car) is a phoneme) then it would've been better.
In reply to Hikmat ullah s/d/o Sher Mohammad

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
HIKMATTULLAH
If you have said in the example of phoneme (like in the word CAR C has its unique sound instead of like e.g car because it seems that the whole word (car) is a phoneme) then it would've been better.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Fiza Mengal s/d/o Jaffer khan Mengal -
Well we all know that phonemes are short,distinctive sound units
For example:a,t,ch, sh etc
Like /b/has its own unique sound like bubble or bug
2:Or /d/ has its unique sound like dad,add etc.
Morpheme are the smallest units that carry meanings
For example: speech is a morpheme that contains four phoneme sound units
Or "awhile" is a combination of two morpheme "a" and "while".
Example of grammar are noun which is the name of a person,place,animal or thing.
Or clauses these are the group of word that contains a subject and a predicate (a verb) complete thought
For example: I eat bananas. (IC) complete thought.
In reply to Fiza Mengal s/d/o Jaffer khan Mengal

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Izzat Ullah s/d/o Aulia Khan -
How can Speech be Morpheme Can You Explain I did not get You Could You please Explain to me About Speech . Is it Morpheme Or Not And IF Yes Then How?
In reply to Izzat Ullah s/d/o Aulia Khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Fiza Mengal s/d/o Jaffer khan Mengal -
Speech morphology deals with the organization of morphemes, or the smallest units of meaning, in spoken language. ... Bound morphemes can be classified as derivational or inflectional.I heard the person in this video said that it's a morpheme
In reply to Fiza Mengal s/d/o Jaffer khan Mengal

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan -

Fiza mengal how morphemes give meaning can you give me some more examples?

In reply to Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Fiza Mengal s/d/o Jaffer khan Mengal -
The basic function of a morpheme is to give meaning to a word. It may or may not stand alone. When it stands alone, it is thought to be a root. However, when it depends upon other morphemes to complete an idea, then it becomes an affix and plays a grammatical function.
For Example:Morphemes are comprised of two separate classes called (a) bases (or roots) and (b) affixes. A "base," or "root" is a morpheme in a word that gives the word its principle meaning. An example of a "free base" morpheme is woman in the word womanly. An example of a "bound base" morpheme is -sent in the word dissent.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Nasir Ali s/d/o Roshan Ali -
I did not understand anything from this video Sorry
In reply to Nasir Ali s/d/o Roshan Ali

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
Don't be disappointed I will explain some.
NASIR ALI
[6/11, 4:19 PM] Hamdullah Khan Hamid: Language can be acquaired spontaneously through observation.
Language is a set of spoken, written or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning or using complex grammar rules.
Humans have nearly 7000 different languages.
We are using 3 building blocks .
First of them is phonemes (short distinctive sound units)
Like (a, t ,sh,ch etc) there are 40 phonemes in english language.
*Morpheme* is the smallest units that carry meaning. That can be words or parts of words for example prefix or suffix.
Like the word speech can contains 4 phonemes sounds.
S,P,E,CH and from morphemes we can make grammar rules.
[6/11, 4:23 PM] Hamdullah Khan Hamid: GRAMMAR
Is a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
*RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE* Is the ability to understand what is being said both to,and about us.
[6/11, 4:25 PM] Hamdullah Khan Hamid: *PRODUCTIVE LANGUAGE*
In which besides understanding a person can be able to produce words.
[6/11, 4:28 PM] Hamdullah Khan Hamid: *BABBLING*
beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
Like mama dada baba etc.
[6/11, 4:31 PM] Hamdullah Khan Hamid: *ONE-WORD STAGE*
The stage in speech development from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
[6/11, 4:33 PM] Hamdullah Khan Hamid: *TWO WORD STAGE*
beginning about age 2 the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements.
Like telegraphic speech
[6/11, 4:35 PM] Hamdullah Khan Hamid: *TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH*
early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram."GO CAR" using mostly nouns and verbs.
In reply to Nasir Ali s/d/o Roshan Ali

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Amna Jabeen s/d/o Zaheer Ahmed -
Well dear Nasir. Don't take stress its not difficult. Just read the question carefully and then give example or phonemes, morphemes, and Grammer about which we studied in semister 1. Just give 2 or 3 examples of these 3 things.
In reply to Nasir Ali s/d/o Roshan Ali

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Meraj Ud Din s/d/o Ghulam Haider -
Nasir Ali try to watch at again and again and also try to read the answers give below by classmates than you will be able to give your own answer also understand the message given in video....
In reply to Nasir Ali s/d/o Roshan Ali

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

Nasir Ali

In this video you may know just 

What is pheneme?

Answe:

Distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b, 

As you know they are 44 in nunber 

Second :what is morpheme? 

 meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming ).

Grammer.

Just know that how to arrange the sentence. 

For example  incorrect 

Ali is.... Mango.

Correct one

Ali is eating mango .

Make this sentece  correct. 

Eat , i, manog. 

In reply in need your answer. 

Hope so you got something if you further confusion,you can ask. 

In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Izzat Ullah s/d/o Aulia Khan -
Phonemes:- The Psychological Representation of Language Sounds. The Smallest Unit OF Sound
E.g Meat And it's Phoneme is /mi:t/. Unit and It's Phoneme is /u:nit/
Morphemes:- How Language Forms Combine to forms Words. It means To Take Words In Pieces And That Pieces Have Meanings Too
E.g Educated It's Morpheme Is Un-Educated. Care and It's Morpheme Is Care-less
Examples Of Grammer
Adjective:- Adjective Shows Quality And Quantity Of Noun 
E.g Ali Is a Good Boy. Good is Adjective And It's Showing Quality Of Ali
There Are 8 Students In The Class. 8 is Adjective and it's showing Quantity Of Noun
Verb:- It shows The Action Of Noun .
E.g She is Cooking Food. Cooking is Verb And it's showing the action of noun
He went to School. Went is Verb And it's showing action of noun
In reply to Izzat Ullah s/d/o Aulia Khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by M Furqan s/d/o Jan mohammad -
Can Meprheme stand alone ..and in which cases do we join them with other words
In reply to M Furqan s/d/o Jan mohammad

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
FURQAN KHAN
Yeah of course the morpheme can stand alone like the word (care) is a morpheme and can stand alone without prefix and suffix and if you join it with the suffix like (careless) then there becomes two morphemes one is the base word (care) and second is the suffix (less).
In reply to Izzat Ullah s/d/o Aulia Khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
IZATTULLAH
I don't understand how the morpheme of educated will be uneducated and the morpheme of care will be careless because morpheme is the unit of sound that carry meaning and that can be word or part of word e.g prefix or suffix and here you are just combining the prefix and suffix with base word and saying that it is the morpheme of the base word (educated or care)
The words educate and care are morpheme themselves and if you connect to them the prefix (un)or the suffix (less) then the prefix and suffix will be another morpheme.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Ahmed Hussain Kahan kakar s/d/o Dr juma Khan kakar -

Phoneme 

Any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in specified language that distinguish one word from another 

Examples of phonems

1: "I" has its unique sound like live, weel.

2: "m" has its unique sound like man, summer.

Morpheme

The meaningful morphological unit of language that can not be further divided.

Examples of Morpheme

These are two types of Morpheme

1: Free Morpheme:

Can stand Alone with a specific meaning

For example 

Eat, date, week,

2 : bound Morpheme :

Is word element that can not stand alone as a word including both  (prefixes) (suffixes)

For example

"Reply" is combination of two words "re" and  "play".

Grammer 

Grammer a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others .

Examples of Grammer 

1: pronoun :

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun like "I" "you" or "they".

Example :

1: Please light their fire 

2: Verb 

The action of noun or pronoun.

Example :

1: Ali appears excited to start this new adventure .

In reply to Ahmed Hussain Kahan kakar s/d/o Dr juma Khan kakar

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
The methods of giving examples in phoneme is not good because a person may understand that the whole word (live or man) is a phoneme but every sound in it is a phoneme itself.
In reply to Ahmed Hussain Kahan kakar s/d/o Dr juma Khan kakar

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -
Dear
Ahmed Hussain
Question behalf of Shoukt Aziz
Can you more modify gramme
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Ahmed Hassan Khan Kakar s/d/o Prof Dr Juma Khan Kakar -

Phoneme :

A phoneme is a functional , material and abstract unit 

Examples of phoneme

1: "h" has its unique sound like "hope"  "who"

2: "r " has its unique sound like "red" "try"

Morpheme 

The smallest meaningful unit of language.

Examples of morpheme

1 : cherrytrees has combination of two words "cherry" "trees"

2: reconnect has combination of two words "re" "connect"

Grammar

The set of rules that explain how word are  used in language

1: Noun 

Is name of person place or thing is called noun.

  For example 

1: Al l . Pakistan.

2: Pronoun

A Pronoun is a word that takes place an instinct of noun  

She loves watching movies

In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Nabeeha ilyas s/d/o Muhammad ilyas -
We know phonemes are short distinctive sound units.
Example.1, /th/ sound is used in word "thin"
2, /sh/ sound is used in word "she".
3, /em/ sound is used in word "bottom"
Morphemes carry meanings
For example. 1, "keep" is a morpheme that contain three phonemes /kI:p/
2, "Desire" is also a morpheme and "desirable" is the combination of two morphemes.
Example of grammar is how commas and semicolons are supposed to be used
 for example. Ali, no doubt is a good boy
(the complete sentence including Ali as noun and '. , ' as punctuation.
In reply to Nabeeha ilyas s/d/o Muhammad ilyas

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

Miss Nabeeha Ilyas

 
How we use commas and semi commas while communicating.
Is puncaution signs are enough in grammar?
In reply to Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Nabeeha ilyas s/d/o Muhammad ilyas -
Mir ahmed


I wasn't keeping communication in my mind while i was writing this activity i m not sure about this.. well i think that we can use them as an example of grammar..
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Tanveer Ahmed s/d/o Haji Shair Dill khan -
(1)Phonem 

                        The smallest units of sounds known as phonem 

Such as ; 

(1)/b/ is sound used in word like "banana"

(2)/f/ is sound uses ln word like "fish"

(3)/j/ is sound used in word like "jelly"


(2)Morpheme 

                               The smallest meaning full units carry meanings known as morphem 

Such as 

(1) cherrytrees 

Cheery+tree+s

Cherry; is name of a fruit

Tree; is name a big green thing 

S ;is used for plural  

So here every smallest unit is meaning full

(2)

Unlikely 

Un+adjective 

Here adjective with new meaning

(3)

Writer is also write +r  

Etc 


Grammar

The rules which determine how a language must read,write,or speak, known as grammar.

Such as 

1)He is a student .

Here grammar tells us how and where to use words 

2) Ahmed is a boy.

Etc .


In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan -

Phonemes.

A phoneme is a meaning-distinguishing sound in a language.

Examples of phonemes.

1=bat -pat

2= cat -cut.

B in bat or p in pat is distinguishing the words.

A and u are distinguishing the words cat or cut.

Morphemes..

The smallest grammatical unit of speech is called morpheme.

Examples of morphemes..

1=un is morpheme. For. e.g.uncomfortable.

2=.in is morpheme. For e.g. injustice.

Grammar.

Those rules and regulations which give real shape to any language is called Grammar.

Examples of grammar.

When ing form of the verb works as a noun ,verb or adverb is called gerund.

For example.

Running water is fresh.

Playing is a good exercise.

Fishing is fun.

 He is fond of gambling..


In reply to Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

Miss Zarjan

I understood distinguish of sound.
How it
changes the meaning of the words
2)
just we use morpheme at the bigning orvit might be used at the end or middle.
In last can we such rules which shape language.
Like tense, clause, narration, infinite, participle etc.
In reply to Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Janat khan s/d/o Abdul Wahid -
Zarjan sister.....you have mentioned in your reply that..
In the words =
Uncomfortable and unjustice

The morpheme are "un" in both but what are called the other words ?????

The remaining words mentioned in above uncomfortable =in this word "un" is a morpheme as well "fort" and "able:
In the word unjustice =
"Un "is a morpheme and "justice" as well. Because these smallest portions or units all are meaningful. You can write morpheme before or after with base words.
In reply to Janat khan s/d/o Abdul Wahid

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan -

janat khan brother.

I didn't mention in my privious reply about the morpheme. I just simply mentioned that in word uncomfortable. Un is a morpheme. But I did not mention the rest of words ..now I will explain it in detail.

In the word uncomfortable.

There are three morphemes.

Un is a morpheme it is called bound morpheme. Comfort is as well a morpheme it is called free morpheme. Ful is also called morpheme. It is also bound morpheme. Here is one more example to understand better.

For instance, “rattlesnakes” contains three morphemes: the two that make up the compound noun, “rattle” and “snake,” and the plural suffix “-s.” Morphemes that can stand alone as words are free morphemes; those that cannot are bound morphemes.

And you also asked about the word injustice.

In is a morpheme and justice is also a morpheme. If you further divid justice so just is a morpheme and ice is a morpheme too.

May be you will get cunfused about the word or morpheme. It is sure that un is morpheme comfort is a word but here it functions as a morpheme .so for further explanations about deference between word or morpheme.

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language. A morpheme is not identical to a word. The main difference between them is that a morpheme sometimes does not stand alone, but a word, by definition, always stands alone. The linguistics field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology.

In reply to Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Ghousuddin s/d/o Haji Wazir Muhammad -

Well explained ! especially elaborating the " UNCOMFORTABLE "  and  sometimes a morpheme does not stand alone and a word always stands alone.

Again saying Appreciated

In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by M Furqan s/d/o Jan mohammad -
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language. A morpheme is not identical to a word. The main difference between them is that a morpheme sometimes does not stand alone, but a word, by definition, always stands alone.
.For example We have a word Eat,Cat,dog, which are morphemes and can stay alone and some are combined with others
Like.normal, normally.
Now ly which is meaningful unit and when we join it with other parts it then gives complete meaning
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
We have been asked to share only the examples of phoneme,morpheme and grammar, but I would like to define these terms firstly and than share examples, because without definition we can't understand examples.
1= PHONEME
It is the short, distinctive sound unit.
For example in word tree we have three phonemes i.e (T,R,E) and in word speed we have four phonemes i.e (S,P,E,D).
2= MORPHEME
It is the smallest units that carry meaning and that can be words or parts of word (prefix,suffix)
Like the word (speed)is a morpheme, but it is a whole and complete word and the word (untie) contains two morphemes i.e prefix (un) and (tie) and the word (unbelievable) contains three morphemes i.e prefix (un), base word(believe) and suffix (able).
3= GRAMMAR
It is a system and set of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
Like the rules of tenses, Active and passive voice, Parts of speech etc.
In reply to Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Meraj Ud Din s/d/o Ghulam Haider -
Hamdullah, I thank the phonemes for word "three" and "speed" should be written in this manner...
(three= /θ/ /r/ /iː/)
(Speed=/s/ /p/ /iː/ /d/)
In reply to Meraj Ud Din s/d/o Ghulam Haider

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
Merajuddin
Yeah of course it is written like yours but here i have just shown the sounds in its real form not in IPA form.
In reply to Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Ghousuddin s/d/o Haji Wazir Muhammad -

Hammdullah brother will you please help me in counting the phonemes in a word...! I have sometimes confusion while doing that ,I had attempted the question regarding counting the phonemes  in mid term exam  completely  wrong..

Help me ... tell me simply how we can count the phonemes in a word accurately ?

In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Abdul Tahir s/d/o Abdul Razzaque -
( 1)Phoneme It is the short, distinctive sound unit.
For example in word ship we have three phonemes (sh, i, p) and in word fast we have four phonemes (f, a, s, t,).
(2) morpheme
It is the smallest units that carry meaning and that can be words or parts of word prefix suffix
For example the word weak is a morpheme, but it is a whole and complete word and the word until which have two morphemes prefix un and til and the word unbreakable contains three morphemes prefix un base word break and suffix able.
(3) grammar
It is a system and set of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
Like the rules of direct indirect active passive parts of speech punctuation marks. So on and on....
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by M Furqan s/d/o Jan mohammad -
Phoneme (Gr. phone “sound, voice”) is the smallest contrastive unit of language that may change the meaning of a morpheme and, as a pursuant, a word.
Put it simply, phoneme is a contrasting phonological unit. Let us consider several examples:
1) pig – big /p/* – /b/
2) pen – pan /e/ – /æ/
3) sink – think /s/ – /θ/
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by M Furqan s/d/o Jan mohammad -
The grammar of a language includes basic axioms such as verb tenses, articles and adjectives (and their proper order), how questions are phrased, and much more. Language cannot function without grammar. It would simply make no sense—people require grammar to communicate effectively....
For example verb talks about actions,noun indicates person thing and place
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by syed kaleem ullah s/d/o syed niamat ullah -
i will not only share only the examples phonemes,morphemes and grammar in english language but the definitions as well to understand the examples quickly.

PHONEME...
Phoneme is a smallest unit of language in other words and it is a unit of sound in speech.
though a phoneme doesn't have any meaning separately but when we put many phonemes together it creates meaningful words.
EXAMPLE. A, B, C,
these doesn't contain any meaning separately but when these combine in a manner creates a meaningful word.
MORPHEME....
Morphemes are the smallest but meaningful units.
morphemes always contain meaning.
EXAMPLES...
Appletrees
this is one word but consist of morphemes
Apple... a fruit
tree......a tree
-s...... used for plural
if we use these separately or combine in both of the cases they contain meanings.

GRAMMAR..
Grammar is not an english word it originated form a GREEK word GRAMMATIKAE TEKHNE which means art of letters
the word grammer is a noun it means the rules of language for changing the forms of words and joining them into sentences is called grammar.
if we relate this grammer with english will be called english grammar.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Syed Maqbool Ahmed s/d/o Syed hazrat Ali -
DEFINITIONS OF PHONEMES MORPHEMES AND GRAMMAR WITH EXAMPLES.

PHONEME
phoneme is a smallest and meaningless unit of sound.
but phonemes are not always meaningless they are meaningless only when they are alone but when many phonemes combine they creats a meaningful word.
EXAMPLE..
the /s/ in sour
the /r/ in roar
are phonemes

MORPHEMES...
morphemes are smallest units but they are separated from phonemes because phonemes doesn't contain meaning separately but Morphemes do.
if they are used separately or combine morphemes contain meanings.
EXAMPLES..
1) MEANINGLESS
meaning and less both are morphemes if we look them separately or conbine they have some meanings
2) "Unbreakable" is composed of three morphemes: un- (a bound morpheme signifying "not"), -break- (the root, a free morpheme), and -able (a free morpheme signifying "can be done").

GRAMMAR IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
The rules and regulations of english language for the combination of different alphabets or words to make meaningfull sentences or paragraphs is called GRAMMER IN ENGLISH.
EXAMPLE..
is, Ahmed, name, my maqbool
are different words to makes it sentence we will have to take help of grammer .
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Meraj Ud Din s/d/o Ghulam Haider -
Phonemes:
In simple words the 44 sounds of 26 alphabet in English language is said to be phonemes...

Examples of Phonemes:
Words & Their Phonemes
#1
Different = /d/ /ɪ/ /f/ /r/ /ə/ /n/ /t/
#2
Cheese = /tʃ/ /i:/ /z/
#3
Sing = /s/ /ɪ/ /ŋ/
-------------------------------------------
Morphemes:
Examples of Morphemes:
#1
“Unrest” is composed of two morphemes:
un- (a prefix morpheme signifying "not"),
-rest (the root, a free morpheme)

#2
"Unbreakable" is composed of three morphemes:
un- (a prefix morpheme signifying "not"),
-break- (the root, a free morpheme), and
-able (a suffix morpheme signifying "can be done").
---------------------------------------------
Grammar:
Examples of Grammar:
#1
“Kaleem played”, Kaleem is the naming noun and played is the action verb.
#2
“She is pretty”, “she” is pronoun (indicating woman child), “Is” is an helping verb and “pretty” is an adjective (modifying pronoun “she”)
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by shair khan s/d/o Janan -


In this example, different phonemes are highlighted as /g/ i/ /b/

2;Unbreakable" is composed of three morphemes: un -break and -able 

Desirable it has 3 morphemes

Gentleman has 2 morphemes

verb, noun,pronoun, clauses adjective and many other are the part of English grammar 


In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Abdul sattar s/d/o Rafiullah khan -
Phonemes,,,,
The smallest unit of sound is called phonemes
E.x
/p/ in practice
/t/ in Tree
/s/ in spoon
P,,, t ,,, s ,,,, lonely belthese words are meaningless
Morpheme...

It is a meaningful unit of language...
Unbelievable,,,
In this word , (un) (belive) (able) are meaningfull units or Morphemes
Careless ,,,
In this word (care) (less) are meaningfull units or Morphemes.

Grammar ,,,
A system of rules and principles of a Language which enable us to communicate and understand some ...
E.X
I took tea.
She speaks loudly ...
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Muhammad asif s/d/o Allah din -
we are aware that phonemes are the short,distinctive sound unit.there are 26 letter in english language 44 unique sound are known as phonemes.
these sound fall into two categories :consonants and vowels .
example. b ,bb bug bubble 2.g, gg, gun ,egg
MORPHEMES; are the smallest unit that carry meaning .smallest meaningful unit in language.
example .hamlet (by william shakespeare) ''sit down a while
'2.tyger tyger (william blake ) ''tyger tyger burning bright .
Grammar,system of rules that enable us to communicate with and understand other .
example .how commas and semicolons are supposed to be used .
In reply to Muhammad asif s/d/o Allah din

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai -
Asif
Can you give us some more examples of Morpheme, because I didn't understand your examples of morpheme?
In reply to Hamdullah s/d/o Haji zalmai

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Muhammad asif s/d/o Allah din -






WELL,dear brother as I wrote
 that Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units in language.
I will give you further example .there are two kinds of morphemes .
1.prefex , for example ,unkind, un kind .Indirect ,in direct,.Indoor .in door
2.Sufex,for example,freedom ,free dom. kingdom, king dom . meaningful ,meaning ful.
when we add another word to base starting its prefex.
and when we add another word to baseword last its sufex .
and this the method of formation of Morpheme.
In reply to Muhammad asif s/d/o Allah din

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -
Replying behalf of shoukat Aziz
Mr Muhammad Asif
Can you make me understand the examples of morphemes?
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Ghousuddin s/d/o Haji Wazir Muhammad -

phonemes :

The basic and smallest unit of sound which differentiates one word from an other in any particular language is called as Phonemes. 

For Instance : 

/f/,/s/,/k/,  /n/  etc are the phonemes in words ( fish five theif)

(small sun ) ( school kite kitten ) ( no noise )respectively.


morpheme: 

Smallest meaningful linguistic unit in any particular language is called as morpheme. 

for examples:

_ish , in words childish, foolish,Bookish ( somewhat possessing the qualities ) is the morpheme.

_ous ,in words Joyous,Victorious, Gracious (Full of, or having)


Grammar:

The main Branch of Linguistics That deals with study of sets of structural rules of words,phrases,clauses in a speech, is called as Grammar.

OR

The way That  words can be put together in order to make sentences.


In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Janat khan s/d/o Abdul Wahid -
Q=
Phoneme.
The smallest unit of sound in a word that makes a difference in its pronunciation and meaning.Basically, they are 44 in numbers

For Example =
/F/= frog
/b/=bat
/n/= nest

2=Morpheme.

The smallest meaningful unit of a language is called morpheme.
Example...
Shameless
This word is consist of two morpheme shame+less

Undeniable =
This word deals with three morpheme......un..deni...able..
The word which comes after prefix called base word.

Grammer=
The study of the way word and sentence structure and how they are applied in a sentence.
Example =

Nasim pushed him deliberately and stood at first line .

In the above sentence,
Mason....noun
Pushed....action been
Him..... pronoun
Deliberately......adverb
And ......conjunction
At....... preposition
First.. ......adjective
Line ....noun
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

PHOENEME

/t/  Start, Mat, fat, cat etc

/ʌ/ But, Up, cut, Much etc

/i/  This, Give, Which, Because etc

Morphem

 Examples

1)Unbreakable

Composed of three morpheme

2)Unkind

Composed of two morpheme

Un-kind

3)Seller 

Composed of two morpheme

Sell-Er

Grammer 

Key of any language  or arrangements of sentence

I  eat  mango. 

I is subject(pronoun parts of sperch)

Eat is verb (parts of speech )

Mango.Object (Noun,parts of speech)


The paitient has died when the doctor came.

The patient :(noun, part of speech 

Has :( Helping verb)

Died :( 3rd form or pasr participle )

When :(W. H word and relative adverb)

The:( determiner )

Doctor :(noun, parts of speech )

Came :(2nd form of verb, past form)

In reply to Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan -

Mir Ahmed can you explain the definition of grammar how grammar is key of any language?

In reply to Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

Miss Zarjan

Grammer is backbone of every language 
Grammar is derived from Greek word "Gramma" which means "key of ang language, art of latters"
 If you want to open any lock so surely you need that key which opens that lock. 
As you want to know any language deeply or wanna get Cammand upon it so know the key it means Know
The grammer of that language. 
As laters become word And words become sentence
You can speak your brhavi language hope so you can write too.Have you listen a later or seen a basic later of bhravi ∴ل
And same example in Arabic in english we say camel in urdu اونٹ But Arabic calls camel more then73 names.
These all are differences can be known from one way that is key (Grammar )
Language :Language is source of communication you can do better communication if you know the key of that language.
In your conutry more then 70 languags Speak.If you want to know them frequently and deeply so i suggest you  learn their grammar. 
I you want know more i will share. 
In reply to Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Shahzaib Umar s/o Muhammad Umar -
DEAR MIR AHMED BRO

your effort and hard work in not procrastinating in every field of life, deserves more than the limitation of our minds' ruminating over things' capability.

Could you please be still more precise in GRAMMAR? I truly am eager to learn more regarding grammatical rules
In reply to Shahzaib Umar s/o Muhammad Umar

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -
Pleasure Bro.
Grammatical Rules are broad
Grammatical Rules following
1) Puncuation marks
Can you imagine a paragraph without any periods or commas? In truth, it would be almost unreadable. There are 14 punctuation marks in English grammar, and, at minimum, one of them has to appear in every sentence, never mind every paragraph, to make it easily understood.
2) parts of speech
In this grammatical rules you get the basic mean of words eather it is noun, pronoun, etc
3)infinitive
4)Gerand
5) Participle
6)Narration
Many more from the above basic grammar rules will enhance your views that how grammar can be shaped or formed
Or it can be colleected.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mohammad Rizwan kasi s/d/o Mohammad Asghar kasi -
Phoneme
A phoneme is the smallest unit (sound) of language .

Counting Phonemes in a Word
cat.....3 phonemes (/k/a/t/)
knock.....3 phonemes (/n/o/k/)
shadow.....4 phonemes (/sh/a/d/ō)

Morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language that cannot be broken into smaller parts.

Morpheme Example:

"Submarine" is a word made up of two morphemes: sub and marine.
There are two morphemes: sub and marine. However, in the same word there are eight phonemes: s, u, b, m, a, r, i, n (e is silent). 

Grammer . 
The rule of using words to make proper sentence and it covers verbs, tenses , noun , adverb etc to make proper arrangements for a sentence
 
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Zarjan s/d/o Umar khan -

Mir Ahmed.

Morphemes can be used at the being or at middle and at the end.

For example.

Unfaithful.

This word contains 3 morphemes.

In is at the beginning, faith is at the middle and ful is at the end.

Yes you are right we can use such rules which shape language.

Like tense, clause, narration, infinite, participle etc.

In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Waqas Ahmed s/d/o Akhtar Muhammad -
A phone is the smallest unit (sound) language which serves to distinguish words from one another.
For example, "bat" and "but" are two different words because they have two different phonemes "a" and "u".
MORPHEME.
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language that cannot be broken into smaller parts. A word can be composed of one or more morphemes.
For example
Submarine" is a word made up of two morphemes: sub and marine.
There are two morphemes: sub and marine. However, in the same word there are eight phonemes: s, u, b, m, a, r, i, n (e is silent).

Unforgettable for instance is made up of three morphemes and twelve phonemes.
Un-forget-able (un is a prefix meaning "not" forget is the root morpheme and able is an adjective forming suffix)


Grammar...
As we know English grammar is the way in which meanings are encoded into wordings in the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences, right up to the structure of whole texts. There are historical, social, cultural and regional variations of English. 
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Nabeeha ilyas s/d/o Muhammad ilyas -
I m writing this on the behalf of shahzaib umar. Student if BS ENGLISH. Due to unavailability of internet he cannot post this by his own.
Examples of phonemes,:
/a:/ is a phoneme used in car
/æ/ is a phoneme used in word bad
Examples of morpheme
Loyal is a morpheme and disloyal is the combination of two morpheme
Examples of grammar.
Noun is an example of grammar like name of place, person, or thing or sometimes quality.
Like ali is a genius boy.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Abdul sattar s/d/o Rafiullah khan -
Phonemes,,,,
The smallest unit of sound is called phonemes
E.x
/p/ in practice
/t/ in Tree
/s/ in spoon
P,,, t ,,, s ,,,, lonely these words are meaningless, didn't give any sense.

Morpheme...

It is a meaningful unit of language...Called Morphemes.
♧1♧Unbelievable,,,
In this word , (un) (belive) (able) are meaningfull units or Morphemes
◇2◇Careless
In this word (care) (less) are meaningfull units or Morphemes.

Grammar ,,,A system of rules and principles which enable us to speak and write a language in a proper way.
Exemples ,
1,,,Noun
> Bushra plays hockey,,,
Here Bushra is Noun in this sentence...

2,,,Pronoun
>She is a good player .
(She) Is a pronoun used by replacing the known Bushra..
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by SAUBAAN SALEEM s/d/o Muhammad Saleem -

Phoneme

 in linguistics, smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word (or word element) from another, as the element p in “tap,” which separates that word from “tab,” “tag,” and “tan.”


Morpheme

the smallest unit of language that has its own meaning, either a word or a part of a word:

"Worker" contains two morphemes: "work" and "-er".



Grammar

Grammar is defined as a system of rules governing the structure of language. All languages have a system of grammar,

In reply to SAUBAAN SALEEM s/d/o Muhammad Saleem

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Rasool Sayyaf s/d/o Abdul Khaliq -
1 , Phoneme ?

A phoneme is a speech sound , it's the smallest unit of a sound that recognizes one word from another .
Examples ,
1 , / j / 👉 Jungle , Judge .
2 , / s / 👉 Son , Slaughter .
3 , / k / 👉 occupation , can .

2 , Morpheme ?
A morpheme is a meaningful unit of a language , which can't be further divided .
Examples ,
1 , 👉 Un , Necessary Unnecessary .
2 , 👉 In , Come , Ing Incoming .
3 , 👉 Accept , Able Acceptable

3 , Grammar ?
Grammar is the set of structural rules that goven the composition of words , phrases and clauses to create correct and meaningful sentence of a language .
Example ,
1 , 👉 Ali ( Noun ) , Went ( verb )
Ali went .
2 , 👉 Ronaldo ( Noun ) , Runs ( verb ) , Quickly ( adverb )
Ronaldo runs quickly .
In reply to SAUBAAN SALEEM s/d/o Muhammad Saleem

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Rasool Sayyaf s/d/o Abdul Khaliq -
Saubaan Saleem ,
Shouldn't mind ,
Please do give several examples of each question to clarify yourself because u will understand it without any trouble .
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Saif Ud Din s/d/o Mehrab Ud Din -
Phoneme:
It is the smallest unite of sound. We have 44 phonemes in English, for example/I/ /u/ /p/ /a:/ and so on . Each one of the meaning distinguishing sound In a language is described as a phoneme. When we learn to use alphabetic writing, we are actually using the concept of the phoneme as the single stable sound type which is represented be a single written symbol .

Morpheme:
It is the smallest grammatical unite in a language. In other words it the smallest meaningful unit of a language. For example ( free) is a morpheme which contains 3 phoneme sound units . Stem is a morpheme which is consisted of 4 phoneme sound units .

Grammar:
It is the key of any language, or grammar is used to refer to a number of different things , it can be used to refer to books that contain descriptions of the structure of a language, it can be used to refer to the knowledge that a native speaker has of his or her language and to descriptions of that knowledge and it can be used to refer to a set of rules typically taught in school about appropriate usage and about writing.
Examples of grammar are (part of speech, clauses, sentences, preposition, tag questions, participle adjectives, reminders and so on)

Example of parts of speech in grammar are...

* The young girl finds bag in the garden.

The(article)
Young(adjective)
Girl(noun)
Finds(verb)
Bag(noun)
In(preposition)
The(article)
Garden(noun)
In reply to Saif Ud Din s/d/o Mehrab Ud Din

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Rasool Sayyaf s/d/o Abdul Khaliq -
Saif ud din ,
Read your definition of Morpheme again , it says the meaningful units of a word in a language . Which means each unit of a word has a separate meaning .
Example , un , believe , able
These are Morphemes
Now see u can get the meaning of each word ,
Unbelievable , and u can take out the Morphemes from this word easily .
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Muhammad Luqman kasi s/d/o Muhammad asghar kasi -
Phoneme:
Phoneme is the smallest sound unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinct meaning.
Example:
The S of "sing"
R of "ring"
C of "car"
P of "tap"

Morpheme:
Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language.
There are 2 types of morpheme.
1)Free Morpheme
The free morpheme is just a simple word that has a single morpheme; thus, it is free and can occur independently. For instance, in “David wishes to go there,” “go” is a free morpheme.
2)Bound Morpheme
By contrast to a free morpheme, a bound morpheme is used with a free morpheme to construct a complete word, as it cannot stand independently. For example, in “The farmer wants to kill duckling,” the bound morphemes “-er,” “s,” and “ling” cannot stand on their own. They need free morphemes of “farm,” “want” and “duck” to give meanings.

Grammar:
Grammar is the structure and system of language, or of languages in general. It is usually considered to consist of syntax and morphology.

There ar so many examples of grammar but i will share some of them:
NOUN:
Noun is the name of a person place or thing eg: Ali, Lahore, Jug.
PRONOUN:
Pronoun is used in the place of noun eg: he,she,it ,they.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Arsalan Shahzad s/d/o Shahzad Akhtar -
Morpheme:
A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language. A morpheme is not identical to a word.
Examples:
Unbreakable" is composed of three morphemes
Phoneme:
Examples; g (gun,egg,ghost)
B(bag,bang,bug)
Grammar:the examples of grammar are colon ,semi colons ,apostrophe and commas.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Muhammad kashif s/d/o Muhammad Yaqoob -

I have understood the things which have been taught in thi  video but my only question is that which things we should remember to give in exams . these all are things we have learned in mid term.

In reply to Muhammad kashif s/d/o Muhammad Yaqoob

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Muhammad asif s/d/o Allah din -
dear Kashif ,I would like to learn from you and I think you have understood these things in midterm completely but share something for us please.
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Amna Jabeen s/d/o Zaheer Ahmed -
Phoneme:
Phoneme is the smallest sound unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinct meaning.
For example:
/æ/ is used in words fax,lack
/3:/ is used in word nurse, curse, bird
/a:/ is used in stars and mars
Morpheme:
Morpheme is the smallest meaningfull unit in a language. A morpheme is not identical to a word when it depends on another morpheme to express an idea, it is an effix because it has grammatical function.
For Example:
A word "speech" have three "spi:ʧ" phonemes in it.
A word "cat" have three "kæt" phonemes in it.
"Responsible" is one morpheme, while "irresponsible" will be the combination of two morphemes.
Grammar:
Noun is an example of Grammer that "it is the name of person, place,or a thing so we can write its example as:
Quaid-e-azam was the leader of Pakistan.
In reply to Amna Jabeen s/d/o Zaheer Ahmed

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

Question
Behalf of waqas Ahmed
Miss Amna jabeen

Spi:tf
Having 3 phonemes
How make me understand.
And can you difine more the morephenes ?
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Abdul sattar s/d/o Rafiullah khan -
Replying this activity on the behalf of (Atta-u-Rehman)

9.1

Phoneme ( The Smallest Unit of language Sound)
/d/ ,,, /f/ ,,,,/c/
Morpheme ( small and meaningful units of language)
Unbelievable
(Un) ,,, (believe) ,,,, (able )
Impossible
(Im ) (possible)
Grammer ( the basic rules and principles of a language which tells how a language can be spoken or written according to its rules is called grammar)
(Noun),,,,,(Pronoun),,,,,(Adjective)
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Mir Ahmed s/d/o Abdullah -

Replying behalf of Shoukt Aziz having net problem and many more 

What is a phoneme?


A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in speech.  When we teach reading we teach children which letters represent those sounds.  For example – the word ‘hat’ has 3 phonemes – ‘h’ ‘a’ and ‘t’.

An example of a phoneme is "c" in the word "car,

Morephene 

ante date having two morphemes 

pre historic having two morphemes 

grammer


grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases and words in a natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules and this field includes phonology, morphology and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics and pragmatics

In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Siyala Khan s/d/o Saadullah -
Phoneme... is a sound in a language which has it's own distinct sound.an ex the element p , in tap, which separates that word word from tab, tag and tan.
Morpheme...every word is composed of one or more morphemes. There are 2 types of morpheme
Free morphemes
Bound morphemes.
Grammar in English language...Grammar is the study of words wich we use in sentences , and how sentences change in different situations . And it is the study of sentences structure rules and examples that how the language should be used...
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Abdul sattar s/d/o Rafiullah khan -
Replying This activity on the behalf of (Khadija) d/o (Adam Haider). Student of English literature Dept sem1.


Phoneme,,,,,
1,,,, /b/
2,,,,,/p/
3,,,,,/d/

Morpheme

1 ,,,,, filled,,, (fill) ,,, (ed)
2,,,, illness,,,, (ill) ,,,, (ness)
These two are Morphemes

Grammer

1,,, clauses
2,,,, noun , pronoun etc
In reply to First post

Re: 9.1 Crash Course of Language

by Shahzaib Umar s/o Muhammad Umar -

YIKES! umpteen thanks! what a mind boggling complexity is presented by this guy about connecting our thinking with our language! IMPRESSIVE!


QUESTION:-Share at least 2 or 3 examples of phoneme, morpheme and grammar, in English language.



PHONEME
So far as a phoneme is concerned>is undoubtedly the smallest unit of sound. which, some, as were suggested during the class, unforgettable are as follows;
1)Mass /mæs/ consists of three phonemes
2)Fall  /fɔːl/ consists of three phonemes
3)Daughter  /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ consists of five phonemes
4)Found    /faʊnd/  consists of four phonemes

MORPHEME
       A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language.
Learning morphemes is awesome because more interestingly we can create more words from the base rather the root word carrying a specific meaning individually just like 'STAND'. It really is an amazing act to put a prefix with stand and getting a different meaning out like 'UNDERSTAND' or adding a suffix like 'STANDSTILL' which wholly carries a different meaning.
when I personally think of morphemes , I remember the TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH FORMATION PERIOD of a child at the age of one and a half or two when he/she starts speaking two to three words to convey his/her message.

GRAMMAR
      GRAMMAR is meant by the rules of how the forms of words are changed and combined into sentences.
E.g; There is nothing there. In this sentence, 'THERE' is a preparatory subject, 'Is' is a main/principal verb, 'NOTHING' is an indefinite pronoun, and last 'THERE' is an adverb of place.